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Passenger Car Brake-by-Wire and AEB Market Research Report, 2024
  • Sept.2024
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1. EHB penetration rate exceeded 40% in 2024H1 and is expected to overshoot 50% within the year

In 2024H1, the installations of electro-hydraulic brake (EHB) approached 4 million units, a year-on-year increase of 101%; the installation rate exceeded 40%, up 19.9 percentage points compared with the same period last year, the EHB market has kept prosper.

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The hot brake-by-wire market is largely driven by the new energy market. Brake-by-wire meets a series of requirements of new energy vehicles, such as no vacuum power source, high requirements for system response speed, and brake energy recovery. The following figure shows the sales and penetration rate of new energy vehicles from 2021 to June 2024. From the data, the growth trend of brake-by-wire installations and installation rate is highly consistent with that of new energy vehicle sales and penetration rate.

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From the perspective of EHB technology classification, the share of One-Box has further expanded. In 2024H1, the share of One-Box increased to 75.9%, an increase of 17.4 percentage points from the same period last year.

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2. Some OEMs have taken the lead in completing the layout of brake-by-wire industry chain

Some OEMs, mainly Chinese independent brands, have entered the brake-by-wire market by setting up subsidiaries or joint ventures with other manufacturers. By 2024, many OEMs have completed mass production of brake-by-wire products.

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Geely - VCS Technology
Founded in May 2022, VCS Technology focuses on the R&D and production of 3 core chassis systems, namely brake-by-wire, steer-by-wire and suspension-by-wire, as well as chassis domain controllers.

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In December 2023, VCS Technology's One-Box product HDBS was mass-produced and rolled off the production line, with an expected annual output of 600,000 sets. The system can realize brake assist, conventional ESC functions and intelligent driver assist functions, and the response time can reach within 150ms. Its application range can cover fuel, all-electric and hybrid models, and can also be applied to some light commercial vehicles. It is reported that VCS Technology HDBS will be the first to be equipped on Geely brands after mass production.

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3. EMB expects to achieve small-scale mass production by 2026 at the latest

It is an industry consensus that EMB is truly brake-by-wire. Although the research history of EMB system has been more than 20 years, it is difficult to overcome a series of technical problems such as "high requirements for motors, no fail-safe backup braking function, and high cost", and EMB system has not been applied in large quantities so far. However, in recent years, Chinese and foreign manufacturers have made great progress in EMB research and development. According to the plans of various manufacturers, it is expected that EMB will be able to achieve small-scale mass production by 2026 at the latest.

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Beijing West Industries (BWI)'S EMB will be mass-produced in 2026, with the first batch to be launched in Kaiyi Auto and U POWER

In July 2024, BWI released the "2035 Full X-by-wire" global technology strategy, which mentioned that BWI's electronic mechanical braking system (EMB) has obtained strategic cooperation with Kaiyi Automobile and U POWER, and will be mass-produced for customers in 2026. Its product features include:

BWI's EMB system integrates ABS, ESC, TCS, ACC, etc. The self-developed dual-motor EMB system dramatically accelerates the response speed, and the wheel locking time is as short as 75ms. Four-wheel independent control maximizes braking stability.
Without servo mechanism or ESC module, BWI EMB realizes truly x-by-wire. The system is completely free of braking pipe, while left and right rudder structures are unified, reducing space requirements and enhancing the possibility of lightweight and compactness.
Utilizes plug-in electronic structural interfaces, eliminating the need for filling or discharge brake fluid and simplifying the assembly process.
Once finished braking, the BWI EMB system releases calipers instantly, achieving true zero drag, effectively lowering energy consumption and reducing CO2 & particulate matter emissions.

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1 Overview of Brake-by-Wire Industry
1.1 Classification of Braking Systems
1.2 Requirements for Braking Performance in Existing Standards or Regulations
1.3 Iteration History of Brake-by-wire Products
1.4 Regulations related to Brake-by-wire
1.5 EMB-related Regulations (Europe)
1.6 EMB-related Regulations (China)
1.7 Iteration of Intelligent Chassis for Passenger Cars
1.8 Key Development Goals of Brake-by-Wire, 2025-2030E
1.9 Classification of Brake-by-wire Products
1.10 Electro-Hydraulic Brake (EHB)
1.11 EHB Technical Route
1.12 EHB Structural Comparison
1.13 EHB Development Tier Distribution
1.14 Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB)
1.15 Two Technology Routes of Brake-by-wire 
1.16 Brake-by-wire Accessories
1.17 ABS
1.18 ESC
1.19 EPB
1.20 Redundant Design of Brake-by-wire for Major Manufacturers
1.21 Brake-by-wire Failure Modes
1.22 Energy Recovery Strategy
1.23 Energy Recovery Strategy Selection of One-Box and Two-Box Braking 
1.24 EHB Data Analysis
1.24.1 Overall Installation of EHB
1.24.2 EHB Installations & Installation Rate: by Energy Type
1.24.3 EHB Installations & Installation Rate: by Price
1.24.4 EHB Installations: By Technology Route
1.24.5 Market Share of EHB Suppliers
 
2 Overview of AEB (Automatic Emergency Braking)
2.1 Overview of AEB Function
2.2 AEB Perception Solution Selection Strategy
2.3 AEB Working Range
2.4 AEB Overseas Regulations/Standards (1)
2.4 AEB Overseas Regulations/Standards (2)
2.4 AEB Overseas Regulations/Standards (3): Comparison of AEB Regulations in China and Europe
2.5 Latest Dynamics of AEB-related Standards and Regulations in China
2.6 Interpretation of AEB-related Standards and Regulations in China
 
2.7 AEB Installation Data
2.7.1 AEB Installations: Overall Installations and Installation Rate
2.7.2 AEB Installations: by OEM Type
2.7.3 AEB Installations: by Energy Type
2.7.4 AEB Installations: by Price
2.7.5 AEB Installations: by Brand and Model
2.7.6 AEB Functional Segmentation: AEB-JA Installations
2.7.7 AEB Functional Segmentation: Automatic Emergency Steering (AES) Installations
 
2.8 Analysis of AEB Sensor Solutions and Technology Trends
2.8.1 Proportion of AEB Sensor Solutions and Their Characteristics
2.8.2 AEB Sensor Solution Trends
2.8.3 AEB Function Trends
2.8.4 AEB Function Trend Case 1
2.8.5 AEB Function Trend Case 2
 
2.9 Analysis of OEMs’ AEB Triggering Scenarios and Functions
2.9.1 Summary of AEB Triggering Scenarios for Some OEMs
2.9.2 Model Case 1
2.9.3 Model Case 2
2.9.4 Model Case 3
2.9.5 Model Case 4
2.9.6 Model Case 5
2.9.7 Model Case 6
 
2.10 OEMs’ Recent OTA Focus of AEB Function 
2.10.1 OTA Model Case 1
2.10.2 OTA Model Case 2
2.10.3 OTA Model Case 3
 
3 Passenger Car Brake-by-Wire System Suppliers
3.1 Summary of EHB Products by Manufacturers
3.2 Summary of EMB Products by Manufacturers
 
3.3 Bosch
3.3.1 Development History of Braking Products
3.3.2 Traditional Brake System Products: ABS
3.3.3 Traditional Brake System Products: ESP
3.3.4 Traditional Brake System Products: PEBS
3.3.5 AEB Sensor Solution
3.3.6 Brake-by-Wire Products
3.3.7 Brake-by-Wire 1.0 Products
3.3.8 Brake-by-Wire 2.0 Products
3.3.9 Brake-by-Wire 3.0 Products
3.3.10 Brake-by-Wire Redundancy Solution
3.3.11 Vehicle Models with Brake-by-wire Products Applied
 
3.4 Continental
3.4.1 Development History of Brake-by-Wire
3.4.2 Brake-by-Wire 1.0 Products
3.4.3 Brake-by-Wire 2.0 Products
3.4.4 Development Path of Brake-By-Wire Technology
3.4.5 Brake-by-Wire Redundancy Solution
3.4.6 Recall Due to Brake-By-Wire
3.4.7 AEB System
3.4.8 AEB System Sensor
 
3.5 ZF
3.5.1 Development History of Brake-by-Wire
3.5.2 EBB
3.5.3 EBB System for Aftermarket
3.5.4 One-box Brake-by-Wire Products
3.5.5 Braking Redundancy Solution
3.5.6 Dry Brake-by-Wire
3.5.7 AEB Solution
 
3.6 Hitachi Astemo
3.6.1 1st-generation X-by-wire Products
3.6.2 2nd-generation of X-by-wire Products
3.6.3 3rd-generation of X-by-wire Products
3.6.4 Features of Third Generation of X-by-wire Products
3.6.5 AEB Solution
 
3.7 Brembo
3.7.1 BbW
3.7.2 Sensify 
3.7.3 Sensify Solution Combinations for Different Vehicle Types
 
3.8 Mando
3.8.1 Profile
3.8.2 Solutions?for?New?Energy?Market
3.8.3 Development?Route?of?X-by-wire?Products
3.8.4 1st-generation?Brake-by-wire?Products
3.8.5 2nd-generation?Brake-by-wire?Products
3.8.6 3rd-generation?Brake-by-wire?Products
3.8.7 Braking?Performance?of?EMB?in?Failure?State
3.8.8 EMB’s?Advantages?and?Industry?Challenges
3.8.9 Comparison of 2nd and 3rd Generation Brake-by-Wire Products
3.8.10 AEB Actuator
 
3.9 Bethel
3.9.1 Profile
3.9.2 Vehicle Braking System Related Products
3.9.3 Electronic Parking Brake System
3.9.4 1st-generation Brake-by-Wire System
3.9.5 Models of Brake-by-Wire System Applied
3.9.6 2nd-generation Brake-by-Wire System
3.9. 7 Brake-by-Wire Product Capacity
3.9.8 New Brake-By-Wire Project and Technology Development
3.9.9 Latest Brake-By- Wire Product Portfolio
3.9. 10 Vehicle?Braking System Designation
 
3.10 NASN Automotive Electronics
3.10.1 Profile
3.10.2 Vehicle Braking System Related Products
3.10.3 Vehicle Stability Control System
3.10.4 Electronic Brake Booster System
3.10.5 Integrated Intelligent Braking System
3.10.6 NBC Redundancy Solution
3.10.7 Integrated Intelligent Braking System Capacity Layout
3.10.8 Models with Brake-by-Wire Products Applied
3.10.9 Future Planning and Layout of Brake-by-Wire
 
3.11 LeeKr Technology
3.11.1 Profile
3.11.2 Development Route of Intelligent Chassis
3.11.3 Brake-by-Wire One-box Products
3.11.4 Brake-by-Wire Two-box Products
3.11.5 EMB Products
3.11.6 Braking Redundancy Module
3.11.7 Brake-by-Wire Redundancy Solution
3.11.8 Product Capacity Planning
3.11.9 Cooperation Events
 
3.12 Global Technology
3.12.1 Profile
3.12.2 Vehicle Braking Systems
3.12.3 Intelligent?Brake?Booster?System
3.12.4 Global?Decoupled?Brake?Control?System?(GDBC)
3.12.5 Global?Integrated?Brake?Control?System?(GIBC)
3.12.6 GIBC?Multi-redundancy?Solution
3.12.7 Electro-Mechanical?Brake?System
3.12.8 Vehicle Brake-by-Wire Partners
3.12.9 Brake-by-wire?Capacity?Planning
3.12.10 Intelligent?Chassis?Planning?Route
3.12.11 Vehicle?Brake-by-wire?System:?Future?Planning?and?Layout
 
3.13 Trugo Tech
3.13.1 Profile
3.13.2 Layout of Vehicle Chassis-by-Wire
3.13.3 Electric Hydraulic Booster-Integrated (EHBI) System
3.13.4 EMB Solution
 
3.14 Bebest
3.14.1 Technical Solution Panorama
3.14.2 Development History of Chassis Products
3.14.3 Chassis Product Matrix
3.14.4 Chassis Intelligent Braking Related Products
3.14.5 Electronic Power Braking System
3.14.6 BIBC
3.14.7 Redundant Intelligent Braking System BRBM
3.14.8 BDBS+BESC

3.15 TriNova
3.16 Tongyu Automotive
3.17 Tuopu Group
3.18 BYD
 
3.19 Others
3.19.1 Orient-motion Technology
3.19.2 Asia-Pacific Mechanical and Electronic Company
 
4 Brake-by-Wire System Layout of Chinese Passenger Car OEMs
4.1 Great Wall Motor
4.1.1 "Forest Ecosystem" Technology Layout
4.1.2 Chassis-by-Wire Integrated with brake-by-Wire 
4.1.3 Intelligent Brake Subsidiary ——Figure Intelligent Technology
4.1.4 Overall Layout of Figure Intelligent Technology's Brake-by-Wire Solutions
4.1.5 Figure Intelligent Technology's Braking Development History
4.1.6 Figure Intelligent Technology's Braking Product Layout
4.1.7 Figure Intelligent Technology's Brake-by-Wire Solution 1
4.1.8 Figure Intelligent Technology's Brake-by-Wire Solution 2
4.1.9 Figure Intelligent Technology's Brake-by-Wire Solution 3
4.1.10 Figure Intelligent Technology's Brake-by-Wire Cooperation Case
4.1.11 Figure Intelligent Technology's Braking-related Patents
 
4.2 BYD
4.2.1 BYD Establishes Wholly-Owned Brake-by-Wire Subsidiary – FinDreams Powertrain
4.2.2 Self-development History of Braking Products
4.2.3 Self-Developed Brake-by-Wire Solution
 
4.3 SAIC
4.3.1 SAIC's Brake-by-Wire R&D Subsidiary - DIAS Automotive Electronic
4.3.2 Overall Layout of DIAS Braking Solutions
4.3.3 DIAS Braking Products for L0-L5
4.3.4 DIAS Brake-by-Wire Solution 1
4.3.5 DIAS Brake-by-Wire Solution 2
4.3.6 DIAS Brake-by-Wire System Innovative Features
4.3.7 DIAS Brake-by-Wire Application Cases
 
4.4 Changan
4.5 Geely
4.6 Chery
4.7 Dongfeng
4.8 FAW Hongqi
4.9 BAIC
4.10 Xiaomi
4.11 Audi
4.12 JAC
 
5 Challenges and Development Trends of Brake-by-wire Industry
5.1 Trend 1
5.2 Trend 2
5.3 Trend 3
5.4 Trend 4
5.5 Trend 5
5.6 Development of Key Components of Electro-mechanical Braking System (EMB)
5.7 Trend 7
5.8 Trend 8
 

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