According to the sample survey on the summer grains in main-producing regions and the statistics on the summer grains in non-main producing regions, the total output of summer grain in 2011 reached 126.27 million tons, increased 3120 thousand tons, and a growth rate of 2.5%.
I. Enlarging sown areas contributed an increase of 500 thousand tons in summer grain output. As the results showed that the total sown areas of summer grain was 27,557 thousand hectares in 2011, which enlarged 116 thousand hectares with growth rate of 0.4% over last year. Of which, the sown areas of winter wheat was 22,602 thousand hectares, increased 79 thousand hectares with growth rate of 0.3%, that of minor cereals was 73 thousand hectares with growth rate of 1.5%, while that of spring wheat in north-west regions reduced 36 thousand hectares, decreased 3.5%.
II. Increasing unit yield multiplied an increase of 2620 thousand tons in summer grain output. The per unit yield of summer grain was 4582 kilogram, increased 94 kilogram over last year. In which, the per unit yield of winter wheat was 4902 kilogram, increased 77 kilogram with growth rate of 1.6%. The unit yield in main-producing regions such as Hebei, Shandong, Henan, etc. got a steady growth, that of Yunnan, Guizhou got notable recovery growth, while that of Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other provinces (autonomous regions ) reduced more.
III. The Output of winter wheat kept growth. In the Output of summer grain, the output of winter wheat was 110.79 million tons, increased 2120 thousand tons over last year; that of summer grain increased more than 1150 thousand tons; while that of spring wheat harvested in summer reduced more than 150 thousand tons.
IV. Increased output in south-west regions shared more than 50% over that of the total. The total increased output in four provinces and cities in south-west regions reached 1860 thousand tons, occupied 60% over that of the total summer grain. The main reason is the recovery output increase of 1670 tons from serious draught in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces last year. Among 17 main-producing provinces, the output of summer grain in the top five provinces, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui and Jiangsu respectively totally increased 88.65 million tons and up by 1530 thousand tons over last year. According to the preliminary estimate, the output of summer grain in Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang amounted above 9500 thousand tons, reduced over 750 thousand tons over last year.
Explanation on the summer grain output survey
The data released by NBS on the summer grain output, were estimated from the sample survey in the main-producing summer grain regions taking the province as the total population, and reporting system in the non-main-producing regions.
I. Survey Coverage
Among 17 main-producing summer grains regions (including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang), more than 400 counties (cities) are sampled as national sample counties (cities), the survey organizations of NBS at provincial level are in charge of organizing the survey organizations in sampled counties to conduct summer grain output survey, and finally get the summer grain estimates. The output in 17 regions takes a share of more than 97 percent over that of national total.
Among 8 non-main-producing summer grain regions (including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan), the productions of summer grain are obtained by reporting system.
II. Survey Sample
The sample survey on summer grain output consists of sown area sample survey and unit yield sample survey.
The sample survey on summer grain sown areas is conducted in more than 4000 survey villages and 200 thousand rural households selected in national survey counties (cities). The survey organizations at province level estimates the summer grain sown areas at province level based on the basic survey data.
The sample survey on unit yield of summer grains are estimated by on-site measurement on the summer wheat, which are conducted in the selected 40 thousand sample land segments from more than 3000 selected survey villages in national survey counties (cities).
According to the regulation on sample shifting of agricultural output sample survey, newly shifted samples were applied in the survey in 2011.
III. Output Measurement Method
The on-site measurement on wheat output refers to the investigators in the grass roots, before harvesting, in accordance with Sample Survey System on Agricultural Output, stepping in the field and estimating the output of planting land plots one by one, and ranking them by output, then selecting a certain segments and marking them out. During harvesting period, investigators of the survey organizations at county level or assistant investigators will put sample and select sample on-site, and then estimate the unit yield through threshing, drying, water-checking, weighting and other steps on the selected land segments. The survey organizations at province level estimate the provincial average unit yield based on the data from the selected land segments.
The outputs of summer grain are multiplied by the sown areas from sample survey and the unit yield.
IV. Others
The data in north-west regions are preliminary due to later mature for the spring wheat.
Source:Statistic Bureau of China