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Global and China Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Research Report, 2026
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Research on REEVs and PHEVs: Foreign OEMs are considering extended-range technology as an important strategic option and will launch a series of new vehicles

Global PHEVs & REEVs tend to be dominated by China, featuring technological iteration, regional differentiation and accelerated overseas expansion

In 2025, 14.16 million hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs, REEVs, and HEVs) were sold globally, accounting for 14.7% of the total vehicle sales; 7.62 million PHEVs and REEVs were sold globally, going up 17.2% year-on-year, accounting for 7.9% of the total; and 6.54 million HEVs were sold globally, rising by 11.4% year-on-year, accounting for 6.8% of the total.

As global carbon emission requirements increase, the process of replacing fuel vehicles with HEVs is accelerating. In terms of hybrid technology, PHEVs are promoted by traditional OEMs (including BYD, Great Wall Motor, Chery, Geely and Changan) due to their high functional efficiency, which have launched next-generation PHEV architectures; whereas, REEVs are favored by foreign OEMs and Internet OEMs due to their simple structure.

From 2025 to 2026, the global PHEV market shows strong growth and regional differentiation. As a key transition technology connecting battery-electric vehicles and fuel vehicles, PHEVs are playing an increasingly important role in the global automotive electrification transformation by virtue of the flexibility of "using electricity for short trips but fuel for long journeys." and continuous technological innovation. Before 2035, PHEVs are expected to remain an indispensable and important force in the global vehicle electrification transformation.

From 2025 to 2026, the global REEV market is in a critical transformation period. REEVs have achieved remarkable success in the Chinese market and are facing competitive pressure brought by the rapid advancement of battery-electric technology. The overall development trend is characterized by dominance of the Chinese market, technological evolution toward large-capacity batteries, and segmentation of the global market.

From 2025 to 2026, the global HEV (non-plug-in) market features steady growth, regional differentiation, and mature technology. The growth of HEVs mainly stems from their direct substitution for traditional fuel vehicles. In 2025, 3.733 million HEVs were registered in Europe, with a market share of 34.5%, surpassing gasoline vehicles (26.6%) for the first time. Japanese and Korean OEMs have a precipitous advantage in the global HEV sales volume. In 2025, Toyota, the first-ranked company, accounted for 52.0% of the global HEV sales volume.

In 2025, China's PHEV&REEV&HEV sales volume grew by 14.3% year-on-year, with a penetration rate of 22.7%. By 2030, the sales volume will reach 12 million units, accounting for 34% of the total passenger car sales volume. Domestic OEMs are not very willing to develop  passenger cars fitted with mild hybrid/medium hybrid systems that only raise emission standards. 24V/48V MHEVs are mainly dominated by European OEMs, such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Audi, Volvo, etc.

In 2025, China exported 1.06 million PHEVs and REEVs, surging by 250% year-on-year, representing the strongest export growth rate for PHEVs and REEVs worldwide. In terms of engine displacement, PHEVs and REEVs with an engine displacement of 1L to 1.5L dominate China's export volume. Domestically, PHEVs and REEVs with an engine displacement of 1L to 1.5L are the most numerous and economical in China.

At the same time, the average export price of China's PHEVs & REEVs is higher than that of BEVs and HEVs. This reflects the market's recognition of the technical advantages of PHEVs/REEVs which can be powered by "both fuel and electricity" without range anxiety, and consumers are willing to pay a premium for their convenience. In the long term, as Chinese brands continue to move upmarket, avoid trade risks through localized production (such as building factories in Europe and South America), and continuously deliver smarter and more high-end products to the market, there remains solid upside potential for the average export price and brand value of Chinese PHEVs and REEVs.

PHEVs develop towards high thermal efficiency, all-in-one integration, and P1+P3 architectures

1) Mass-produced PHEV-specific engines boast a maximum thermal efficiency of 48%

With the specialized design philosophy of "delivering high performance at high altitudes", PHEV-specific engines, supported by electric motors, focus on operating within a highly efficient narrow range with a significant breakthrough in thermal efficiency. From 2026 to 2030, PHEV-specific engines will shift from "single power source optimization" to a new stage of "system matching and vehicle integration optimization". Through a high expansion ratio cycle, an ultra-high EGR rate, intelligent combustion control and other technologies, the thermal efficiency will exceed 50%.

Chinese brands have achieved global leadership in the field of thermal efficiency of dedicated hybrid engines (DHE). The maximum thermal efficiency of production models has exceeded 48%, and is moving towards 50% thanks to laboratory verification technology. Currently, the thermal efficiency of PHEV & REEV-specific engines on sale in China generally exceeds 43%, with the highest reaching 48.1%:

The 15HAJ engine developed by SAIC has a maximum indicated thermal efficiency of 48.1%;
The 1.5T Dongfeng Mach DHE has a maximum effective thermal efficiency of 48.09%;
Chery's Kunpeng Tianqing DHE achieves a thermal efficiency of 48%;
Horse Powertrain's HorseB15 DHE boasts a production-ready thermal efficiency of 47.26%, while the HorseD20 methanol engine achieves 48.15%;
BYD's PHEV-specific engine secures a thermal efficiency of up to 46.06%;
Hongqi's first 1.5L DHE breaks through 45.21% in the thermal efficiency;
Changan's Blue Whale iDD DHE has a thermal efficiency of up to 45%;
... ...

2) PHEVs are mainly concentrated in traditional OEM brands, including BYD, Geely, Chery, Changan, and Great Wall Motor.

Chinese PHEVs have achieved technological breakthroughs, with hybrid architectures converging from a diverse range of options towards a more efficient/low-cost solution (primarily based on a P1+P3 single-speed reducer architecture). The hybrid architecture of PHEVs is rapidly developing along the path of "specialization, intelligence, and high efficiency." The technical route has gradually converged from early diversified attempts to the mainstream solution that takes into account efficiency and cost represented by series and parallel connection of P1+P3, and continues to break through the performance ceiling through technological innovations such as multi-speed DHT, high-voltage platforms, and AI energy management. In the future, the hybrid architecture will be more deeply integrated with the automotive EEA and autonomous driving system, tending to provide an "efficient and senseless" driving experience in all scenarios and modes.

REEVs develop towards dedicated range extenders, large batteries and 800V ultra-fast charging

1) The battery capacity of REEVs has been increased to 60-80kWh, and the battery-electric range is 350-500km, which is close to that of mid-range EVs.

China's REEV battery capacity has grown significantly from about 15kWh to 30kWh and then to 60kWh, and large batteries have become an inevitable trend in the development of REEVs. It is expected that more 80kWh REEVs will be launched in 2026, with a battery-electric range of 350-500 kilometers.

There are already a number of REEVs with batteries of over 60kWh in 2025-2026, for example, the Leapmotor D19 REEV has a battery capacity of 80.3kWh, which supports the CLTC battery-electric range of 500 kilometers; the IM LS6 REEV has a battery capacity of 66 kWh, which enables the CLTC battery-electric range of 450 kilometers; the XPeng X9 REEV  has a battery capacity of 63.3 kWh, which allows the CLTC battery-electric range of 452 kilometers. The battery capacity and battery-electric range of REEVs have nearly doubled in just a few years.

Entry-level/Mid-to-low-end (under RMB200,000): 28-40kWh battery capacity, 200-300 kilometers of battery-electric range (such as Changan Deepal/Nevo, Leapmotor C10, etc.);
Mid-to-high-end (mainstream) (RMB200,000-300,000): 42-53.4kWh battery capacity (such as Li Auto’s L series, AITO M);
High-end flagship (more than RMB300,000): 60-80kWh and above battery capacity, competitive flagship (such as Leapmotor D19, IM LS6, XPeng X9, etc.);

Compared with small batteries, large batteries have greater advantages in REEVs:

For daily commuting, REEVs can rely entirely on electricity to achieve zero fuel consumption, and their driving quietness and smoothness are very close to those of BEVs.

Large batteries combined with high-voltage fast charging significantly improve the charging experience. REEVs have a comprehensive range of over 1,300 kilometers, completely eliminating long-distance anxiety; BYD's "megawatt flash charging" and other technologies enable charging from 10% to 97% in 9 minutes, and BYD plans to build 20,000 flash charging stations by the end of 2026. The popularity of ultra-fast charging networks will compress REEVs’ advantage in recharging convenience and pose challenges to their long-term value;

Large batteries provide sufficient power buffer, allowing range extenders to always work in the most efficient range, improving the overall energy efficiency of systems.

The new NEV policy taking effect in 2026 has significantly raised the battery-electric range threshold for REEVs and PHEVs eligible for purchase tax exemptions from 43 km to 100 km. Large batteries are the first choice to meet new regulations and obtain new energy points.

REEV and PHEV batteries are developing towards larger batteries. The battery capacity of REEV batteries is higher than that of PHEV batteries, and they are all power-type batteries. However, HEVs will not blindly pursue large batteries. From 2027 to 2030, HEVs will adopt varying batteries by scenario. High-end vehicle models will pursue ultra-large batteries of 80-90kWh, focusing on luxury and versatility. The battery capacity of mainstream vehicle models will be stable in 40-60kWh, achieving the best balance of cost, weight, and range to cater to the most demanding users.

2) REEVs become a strategic solution for foreign OEMs to cope with electrification transformation

Facing the complex situation of global electrification transformation, many mainstream foreign OEMs are considering REEVs as a crucial strategic option and accelerating their layout to respond to market changes, policy adjustments and consumer demand. Compared with PHEVs, REEVs have a simple structure and high plasticity, and are more popular in the high-end market. In the international market, foreign OEMs have planned to launch their own extended-range vehicles. Foreign brands have planned extended-range electric vehicles, and intended to develop and improve extended-range systems and launch them on the market.

Li Auto, AITO and other brands have achieved great success in China with the extended-range route, which is accepted by the market. China's HEVs have exploded in overseas markets. Foreign OEMs must transform quickly in order to compete for the global new energy vehicle market share;

Globally, BEVs suffer from multiple challenges such as declining subsidies (such as in the United States), insufficient charging facilities, high battery costs, and consumers’ range anxiety and residual value panic. REEVs provide a compromise solution of "battery-electric driving experience + no range anxiety", becoming a more stable transition;

For traditional OEMs with deep accumulation in internal combustion engine technology, the range-extended system structure is relatively simple (the engine acts as a generator, without the need for a complex multi-speed gearbox), and they can use the existing supply chain and manufacturing capabilities to launch products faster and accelerate the electrification transformation;

For vehicle models such as large SUVs and pickup trucks, electrification requires huge batteries, leading to a surge in cost and weight. The extended-range solution can better balance performance, range and cost, especially in line with the North American market's demand for large-size, long-range vehicles;

The European Union proposes to relax the goal of "100% zero-emission new cars" in 2035 to "90% emission reduction" to leave room for REEVs and PHEVs using low-carbon fuels or technologies.

1 Hybrid Vehicle Structure, Definition and Policies
1.1 Hybrid Vehicle Structure and Definition
1.1.1 Hybrid Vehicle - Definition and Structure
Classification by Drive Motor Power
Classification by Hybrid Level/Fuel Efficiency Technology
Industry Chain

1.2 PHEV System Structure and Definition
Definition and Structure
Classification by Motor Location
Classification by Power Structure (1)
Classification by Power Structure (2)

1.3 REEV System Structure and Definition
Official Definition
System structure
REEV VS PHEV
Key components
Electrical Architecture
“Extended Range + Large Battery” is the Development Direction of REEVs
Difficulties in System Development

1.4 Global/China Hybrid Vehicle Policies and Regulations - Carbon Emissions and Measures for the Parallel Management of Corporate Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC) and New Energy Vehicle (NEV) Credits of Passenger Car Companies
Carbon Emission Policies - Carbon Neutrality Progress in Major Countries Worldwide
Carbon Emission Policies - Automotive Electrification Goals of Major Countries/Regions Worldwide
Carbon Emission Policies - China's Vehicle Emission Regulations
Measures for the Parallel Management of Corporate Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC) and New Energy Vehicle (NEV) Credits of Passenger Car Companies - New Standard GB27999-2025 "Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Evaluation Methods and Indicators" (1)
Measures for the Parallel Management of Corporate Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC) and New Energy Vehicle (NEV) Credits of Passenger Car Companies - New Standard GB27999-2025 "Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Evaluation Methods and Indicators" (2)

1.5 China’s Hybrid Vehicle Policies and Regulations - Development Planning
Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 3.0
Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 3.0 - Overall Goals
Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 3.0 - Energy-Saving/New Energy Technology Roadmap
Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 3.0 - Intelligent Connectivity/Supporting Technology/Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Roadmap
Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 3.0 - Battery Planning and Development Roadmap
Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 3.0 - Electric Drive System Development Roadmap
Reduction of National Subsidies Leads to High-End Development of New Energy Vehicles in 2026

1.6 Impact of Policies on the Development of Hybrid Vehicles
China's New Energy Passenger Car Credit System - New Energy Vehicle Credit Ratio and Score Requirements
China's New Energy Passenger Car Credit System - Hybrid Vehicle Technical Indicator Requirements
China's New Energy Passenger Car Credit System - New Situation in the Development of the New Energy Industry
China's Passenger Car Market - Hybrid Vehicles are Replacing Fuel Vehicles Rapidly

2 Status Quo and Trends of Global and Chinese Hybrid Vehicle Markets

2.1 Global Hybrid Vehicle Market
Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) Account for More Than 14% of Global Sales Volume
Global Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs)
Global Sales Proportion of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs)
Global Sales Volume of PHEVs & REEVs - by Region
Global Sales Volume of PHEVs & REEVs - by Brand
Global Sales Volume of HEVs - by Region
Global Sales Volume of HEVs - by Brand

2.2 Chinese Hybrid Vehicle Market
Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) Account for 20% of China's Sales Volume
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in China - Market Segments
Sales Proportion of REEVs Exceeded That of HEVs in China in 2024-2025
Hybrid Passenger Cars (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in China - by Price Range
Hybrid Passenger Cars (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in China - Sales Proportion of REEVs Exceeds That of HEVs 

2.3 European Hybrid Vehicle Market
Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) Account for 17% of Europe's Sales Volume
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in Europe - Market Segments
Sales Proportion of HEVs Exceeds That of PHEVs & REEVs in Europe  
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in Europe - by Country
Proportion of New Energy Vehicles in Major European Countries by Type - Hybrid Vehicles VS Battery-electric Vehicles

2.4 Hybrid Vehicle Market in Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia
Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) Account for 11% of Asia's Sales Volume (excluding China)
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in Asia (excluding China) - Market Segments
Sales Proportion of HEVs Exceeded That of PHEVs & REEVs in Asia (excluding China) in 2024
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in Asia (excluding China) - by Country

2.5 North American Hybrid Vehicle Market
Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) Account for 11% of North America's Sales Volume
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in North America - Market Segments
Sales Proportion of HEVs Exceeds That of EVs in North America 
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in North America - by Country
Planning for Hybrid Models in North America, 2025E-2030E

2.6 Hybrid Vehicle Market in the Southern Hemisphere
Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) Account for 2% of Sales Volume in the Southern Hemisphere
Sales Volume of Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs & REEVs & HEVs) in the Southern Hemisphere - Market Segments
Sales Proportion of PHEVs & REEVs Exceeds That of HEVs in the Southern Hemisphere  

2.7 Micro Hybrid Market (12V Automotive Start/Stop System)
Chinese Micro Hybrid Market (12V Automotive Start/Stop System) - Installation Rate of Start/Stop System
Chinese Micro Hybrid Market (12V Automotive Start/Stop System) - Distribution of Vehicle Models with Start/Stop System 
Chinese Micro Hybrid Market (12V Automotive Start/Stop System) - Energy Saving Effect and Operating Cost of Start/Stop System

2.8 Mild/Medium Hybrid Market (48V+BSG/ISG System)
Mild/Medium Hybrid Market - 48V+BSG/ISG System
Mild/Medium Hybrid Market - Energy Saving Effect of 48V Mild Hybrid System
Mild/Medium Hybrid Market - Global Sales Volume and Penetration Forecast of Passenger Cars with 24V/48V Mild Hybrid System 
Chinese Mild/Medium Hybrid Market - Vehicle Models with 24V/48V Mild Hybrid System and Penetration Rate
Mild/Medium Hybrid Market - Global Sales Volume and Penetration Forecast of Passenger Cars with 24V/48V Mild Hybrid System
Mild Hybrid System - Gasoline + 48V Mild Hybrid System Based on Mercedes-Benz Modular Architecture (MMA)
Mild Hybrid System - Mazda‘S Gasoline + 24V Mild Hybrid System
Mild Hybrid System - Obstacles to the Development of 48V Mild Hybrid System

2.9 Development Forecast for Hybrid Vehicles in China
Sales Forecast for Hybrid Vehicles in China
Cost Comparison among Hybrid Vehicles/Electric Vehicles/Fuel Vehicles in China
Hybrid Vehicle Parts Localization Trend in China

3 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Technology and Components

3.1 Chinese PHEV Market
Sales Volume and Penetration Rate
Retail Price Distribution
Competitive Landscape
Sales Volume by Vehicle Model
PHEV Planning of Major OEMs (1)
PHEV Planning of Major OEMs (2)

3.2 PHEVs & REEVs - China’s Export Market  
Export Volume
Average Export Price
Major Export Destinations

3.3 PHEV Supply Chain - Hybrid System Architecture
Power Architecture Classification
PHEV Architectures of Major OEMs
Geely Leishen EM-i VS BYD DM 5.0
DHT Hybrid System
P1+P3 Configuration Accounts for the Highest Proportion
P2 Configuration Is Suitable for Hard-core SUVs and Sports Vehicles

3.4 PHEV Supply Chain - Drive Motor
Structure
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Become the Mainstream for Hybrid Vehicles
Industry Chain  
Dual-Drive-Motor Installation (1) 
Dual-Drive-Motor Installation (2) 

3.5 PHEV Supply Chain - Generator
Classification
Working mode

3.6 PHEV Supply Chain - Dedicated Hybrid Engine (DHE)
DHE
DHE Vs Fuel Engine
Engine Thermal Efficiency Development Trends
Unique Technologies and Thermal Efficiency of PHEV Models Currently on Sale
Application Case (1): BYD Xiaoyun Hybrid Engine
Application Case (2): Changan New Blue Whale Hybrid Engine
Status Quo of Dedicated High-Efficiency Engine Technology

3.7 PHEV Supply Chain - Dedicated Hybrid Transmission (DHT)
Introduction/Work Method
DHT Electromechanical Coupling
Classification of DHT
Multi-Gear DHT VS Single-Gear DHT
Typical Vehicle Models with DHT and Performance
DHT System Installation Forecast
DHT System Competitive Landscape 
Typical Vehicle Models with DHT and Performance
DHT Installation
OEM DHT Products

3.8 PHEV Supply Chain - Electronic Control System
Structure of New Energy Electronic Control System
Hybrid Electric Control System VS Electric Vehicle Electronic Control System
Number of Vehicles
Dual-ECU Design Architecture
Application Case (1): BYD’s Dual-ECU System
Application Case (2): Inovance Automotive’s Dual-ECU System
Application Case (3): Sungrow’s Dual-ECU System
Application Case (4): VMAX’s DSC Half-Bridge Molded Module

3.9 PHEV Supply Chain - Power Battery
Energy Type or Power Type
Comparison between Core Characteristics of LFP & NMC
Power Battery Installations
Power Battery Installations: By Vehicle Model
Power Battery Installations: Electric Charge per Vehicle
PHEV & REEV Power Battery Installations
Ultra-Fast Charging Configuration of Dedicated Hybrid Batteries
PHEV & REEV Batteries and Technology Trends (1)
.....................
PHEV & REEV Batteries and Technology Trends (5)
CATL vs BYD vs SVOLT Energy 
CATL’s Freevoy Super Range-Extended Hybrid Battery
BYD’s Dedicated Hybrid Battery
SVOLT Energy's Range Extended Hybrid Battery
CALB's Top-Tier High-Power Battery
Brand Power Battery Installations on Sale

3.10 PHEV Supply Chain - Low Voltage Battery
Automotive Low-Voltage Battery Classification
Role of Low-Voltage Power Supply System
12V Lead-acid Start-stop Battery
Low-voltage Lithium Battery for New Energy Vehicles
12V Lithium-ion Battery Structure  
BYD’s Hybrid Vehicle Models with 12V Lithium-ion Batteries
12V Power Supply Market Demand
48V Low-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery

3.11 PHEV Supply Chain - Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System
Shock Reduction/Emission Reduction/Energy Saving
Component Structure
Business and Product Progress of Core Suppliers
Case: BYD’s Low-temperature Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Case: BorgWarner’s Hybrid EGR

4 Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV) Technology and Components

4.1 REEV Market
Sales Volume and Penetration Rate
Retail Price Distribution
Sales Volume by Brand
Sales Volume by Vehicle Model
Sales Volume/Power Parameters by Vehicle Model
Major REEV Component Suppliers  
REEV Planning of Major OEMs (1)
REEV Planning of Major OEMs (2)
REEV Planning of Major OEMs (3)

4.2 REEV Supply Chain - Range Extender
Range Extended System
Control Strategy
Range Extender Solutions
Range Extender Development Solutions
Range Extender Technical Efficiency and Development Trends
Range Extender Parameters for Reev Models on Sale from Major Chinese OEMs
Range Extended Drive System Operating Mode
Seres Range Extended System: Dedicated Engine for Range Extension
Seres Range Extended System: Dedicated Generator for Range Extension
Seres Range Extender System: MCU
Voyah REEV Thermal Management System Solution
Development Trend 1: Integration and Lightweighting
Development Trend 2: High Vibration Resistance
Development Trend 3: High Reliability
Development Trend 4: High NVH Quality
Development Trend 5: High Electromagnetic Compatibility

4.3 REEV Supply Chain - Engine
Range Extender Engine
Technological Iteration
Range Extended Engine Selection
Four-Cylinder Gasoline Engines Are Preferred
Range Extended Architecture/Thermal Efficiency/Fuel-to-Electricity Conversion Rate
Mainstream Vehicle Models Have the Thermal Efficiency of 41%-43% With The Maximum Reaching 47%
List of Engine Parameters and Thermal Efficiency for Vehicle Models on Sale

4.4 REEV Supply Chain - Drive Motor
Range Extended Drive Motor System
Drive Motor Installation of Vehicle Models on Sale (1)
Drive Motor Installation of Vehicle Models on Sale (2)

4.5 REEV Supply Chain - Electronic Control System
Vehicle Electronic Control System
Functional requirements
Main Technical Indicators/Control Signals
Energy Management Strategy Design
Features of Seres Electronic Control System

4.6 REEV Supply Chain - Power Battery
Battery Capacity Will Be Significantly Increased
Power Battery Types and Capacity
Battery Capacity by Vehicle Model 
Battery Configuration of Vehicle Models on Sale (1)
Battery Configuration of Vehicle Models on Sale (2)
Battery Configuration of Vehicle Models on Sale (3)

4.7 REEV Supply Chain - Thermal Management System
Thermal Management System Cases (1)
Thermal Management System Cases (2)

5 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Technology and Components

5.1 HEV Market
Annual/Monthly Sales Volume
Retail Price Distribution
Sales Volume by Brand
Sales Volume by Vehicle Model

5.2 HEV - Export Market
Export Volume
Average Export Price
Major Export Destinations

5.3 HEV System
Powertrain system
Main HEV Solutions
Comparison between Domestic and International HEV Systems
Working Principle of HEV System
HEV Drive System Installation
Price Difference/Fuel Efficiency of the Same Version of Vehicle Models (HEV vs. Fuel Vehicle)
Chinese HEV Players
HEV Cost Reduction Solutions
Dual-ECU System Cases

5.4 HEV Supply Chain -Transmission
Fuel Transmission VS HEV Transmission
Toyota's Hybrid Transmission  
Honda’s iMMD Hybrid E-CVT Transmission
Toyota vs. Honda

5.5 HEV Supply Chain - Power Battery
HEV Battery
NiMH Battery vs. Lithium-ion Battery
Battery Price
Battery Structure
HEV Batteries and Technology Trends (1)
HEV Batteries and Technology Trends (2)
HEV Batteries and Technology Trends (3)
CPAB PRIMEARTH’s NiMH Battery Pack
Weidong New Energy’s NiMH Battery Pack
SVOLT Energy’s Hybrid Battery for Commercial Vehicles and Passenger Cars
Battery Installation of HEVs on Sale in 2025 

5.6 HEV Supply Chain - Energy Recovery System
HEV Energy Recovery System
Energy Saving Effect
Toyota’s Braking Energy Recovery and Hydraulic Braking
Toyota’s Energy Feedback Mode
Honda’s Braking Energy Recovery System Control

6 Summary of Hybrid Vehicle OEMs’ Routes

6.1 BYD
Hybrid Business Strategy
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Hybrid System Parameter Comparison
DM 5.0
DM 5.0 VS DM 4.0
DM-p VS DM-i
Main Features of DM-p Technology
DM-p Technology Positioning
Fifth-Generation Hybrid System: DM-i 5.0
DM-i Super Hybrid Technology Composition
DM-i Super Hybrid Technology Configuration
DM-i Super Hybrid Battery
DM-i Super Hybrid Working Mode
DM-i Super Hybrid Power Source
DM-i Super Hybrid Technology Advantages
Fifth-Generation Hybrid System: DMO Super Hybrid

6.2 Geely Group
Brand Composition
Hybrid Technology Iteration
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends: Leishen AI Hybrid 2.0
HEV Architecture and Technology Trends: i-HEV Intelligent Dual-Engine
i-HEV Intelligent Dual-Engine
Leishen AI Hybrid 2.0
Leishen AI Hybrid 2.0: Leishen EM-i AI Hybrid 
Leishen AI Hybrid 2.0: Leishen EM-P AI Hybrid
Leishen Hybrid
Leishen Intelligent Engine Hi·X
Lynk & Co's Intelligent Electric Hybrid LynkE-Motive Technology
GHS 2.0
GHS 1.0
Volvo’s Hybrid System
48V-BSG Mild Hybrid
7DCT/H Gearbox
P2.5 Architecture Efficient Intelligent Hybrid Powertrain / Range Extended Hybrid Technology

6.3 ZEEKR
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
PHEV Architecture: SEP

6.4 Great Wall Motor
Powertrain Roadmap Coverage, 2026-2030E
Hybrid Route Planning
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends
HEV Architecture and Technology Trends
PHEV System Parameter Comparison
Guiyuan Platform: Modular Design, Compatible with Five Powertrain Forms
Guiyuan Platform: Powertrain System
Guiyuan Platform: Vehicle Model Planning
Guiyuan Platform: Super Hi4 System - 800V PHEV
Guiyuan Platform: Super Hi4 System - Large Battery Capacity (3.6-7.3kWh) HEV, Diesel HEV
Development Trends of Hybrid Transmission System
Development Trends of Hybrid Powertrain
Tank Hi4-Z Hybrid Platform
Tank Hi4-Z Hybrid Platform: 800V Dual-Motor Hybrid
Tank Hi4-Z Hybrid Platform: Decoupled Four-Wheel Drive
Tank Hi4-Z Hybrid Platform: Operating Mode
Hi4-T Off-road Super Hybrid Architecture
Hi4-T Off-Road Super Hybrid Architecture: Tank Off-Road
Hi4-T Off-Road Super Hybrid Architecture: Typical Vehicle Models
Hi4 Intelligent FWD Electric Hybrid Technology
Hi4 Intelligent FWD Electric Hybrid Technology: Dual Motor Series-Parallel Electric FWD
Hi4 Intelligent FWD Electric Hybrid Technology: Power Components
Hi4 Intelligent FWD Electric Hybrid Technology: Working Modes
Hi4 Intelligent FWD Electric Hybrid Technology: Typical models
L.E.M.O.N DHT System
L.E.M.O.N DHT System: Power Form
L.E.M.O.N DHT System: Engine Parameters
L.E.M.O.N DHT System: Battery Electric Drive Parameters
L.E.M.O.N DHT System: Working Mode
L.E.M.O.N DHT System: Control Logic
L.E.M.O.N DHT System: Application Scenarios
L.E.M.O.N DHT Suppliers
L.E.M.O.N DHT Gearbox
P2 Hybrid System
Global R&D and Production System

6.5 GAC
Hybrid technology
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
PHEV System: Trumpchi i-GTEC 2.0
PHEV System: Trumpchi i-GTEC 3.0
Hyptec/Aion REEV: ADiMOTION 2.0
Super Extended Range
Julang Power Hybrid System
Julang Power Hybrid System: Platform Composition
Julang Power Hybrid System: Engine  
Julang Power Hybrid System: Technical Advantages of the Fourth-generation 2.0ATK Engine
Julang Power Hybrid System: Engine Thermal Efficiency
Julang Power Hybrid System: Transmission
Julang Power Hybrid System: Hybrid Transmission

6.6 Chery
Hybrid Technology Planning
Kunpeng Fuel and Hybrid Development Strategy
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Kunpeng Hybrid Full-Domain Architecture
Kunpeng Super Hybrid C-DM5.0: Hybrid Dedicated Engine
Kunpeng Super Hybrid C-DM5.0: Typical Hybrid Dedicated Engine
Kunpeng Super Hybrid C-DM5.0: DHT
Kunpeng Super Hybrid C-DM5.0: Typical DHT
Kunpeng Super Hybrid C-DM 6.0
Kunpeng Super Hybrid C-DM 7.0
Kunpeng CEM
Kunpeng Power
Kunpeng DHT: Key System
Kunpeng DHT: Hybrid Engine
Kunpeng DHT: DHT Gearbox

6.7 Changan Automobile
Hybrid Route Planning
PHEV & REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Plug-in Hybrid/Range Extender: Digital Intelligent AI Electric Drive 2.0 (1)
Plug-in Hybrid/Range Extender: Digital Intelligent AI Electric Drive 2.0 (2): Technical Parameters of Motors
Plug-in Hybrid/Range Extender: Digital Intelligent AI Electric Drive 2.0 (3): Technical Parameters of Motors
Plug-in Hybrid/Range Extender: Digital Intelligent AI Electric Drive 2.0 (4): A-ECMS Smart Energy Consumption Optimization Algorithm
Plug-in Hybrid/Range Extender: Digital Intelligent AI Electric Drive 2.0 (5): Thermal Management System
Deepal REEV: Force Super-Integrated Electric Drive
Digital Intelligent Electric Drive Hybrid System
Digital Intelligent Electric Drive Hybrid System: 1.5L Blue Whale Hybrid Engine/Battery
Digital Intelligent Electric Drive Hybrid System: Working Mode
iDD Hybrid System
iDD Hybrid System: Blue Whale Engine
iDD Hybrid System: Electric Drive Transmission
iDD Hybrid System: Battery System
iDD Hybrid System: Thermal Management System
iDD Hybrid System: Working Mode

6.8 Changan Avatr
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Kunlun Range Extended Technology
Range Extended Platform + Huawei DriveONE

6.9 SAIC
Hybrid Business Strategy
Hybrid Route Planning
PHEV/REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Extended-Range Powertrain Domain System: Stellar Super Range Extender
DMH Hybrid System
DMH System: Single-gear DHT/2-gear DHT
DMH System: DMH 6.0  
DMH Hybrid System: Engine
DMH Hybrid System: Controller/Battery
DMH Hybrid System: Operating Mode
Second-generation EDU Hybrid System
Second-generation EDU Hybrid System: Transmission Upgrade
Second-generation EDU Hybrid System: Intelligent Energy Management System
Second-generation EDU Hybrid System: 10-speed Intelligent Electric Drive Transmission
Second-generation EDU Hybrid System: Working Mode
Second-generation EDU Hybrid System: Model Comparison
Second-generation EDU Hybrid System VS First-generation EDU Hybrid System
Introduction to the First-generation EDU Hybrid System
Principle of the First-generation EDU Hybrid System

6.10 SAIC IM
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Stellar Super Range Extender
Stellar Super Range Extender: 1.5T Zephyr Range Extender
Stellar Super Range Extender: 800V SiC Hurricane Drive Motor/UABC’s Super Freevoy MAX Battery
Stellar Super Range Extender: Full-domain Collaborative Control

6.11 Dongfeng Motor
PHEV/REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Dongfeng Quantum Intelligent Electric Modular Architecture
Intelligent Power System’s Mach Powertrain Platform
PHEV Architecture: Fourth-Generation Mach Hybrid Technology
PHEV Architecture: Third-Generation Mach Hybrid Technology
PHEV Architecture: Dongfeng 800V Super Hybrid 
REEV Architecture: Mach Power Range Extended Powertrain System

6.12 Voyah
Hybrid Route Planning
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
ESSA
Lanhai Intelligent Hybrid Technology
Lanhai Power Intelligent Multi-mode Hybrid Technology
Axial Flux Motors (1)
Axial Flux Motors (2)
Axial Flux Motors (3)

6.13 FAW
PHEV/HEV Architecture and Technology Trends
HMP (1)
HMP (2)
HMP (3)
HMP (4)
HMP (5): Horizontal Platform

6.14 BAIC (Including Arcfox)
Hybrid Route Planning
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
BLUE Plan
DHEV
Shenqing Super Range Extender
EMD 3.0
HDCU 3.0
1.5T Engine and ISG Starter and Generator All-in-one for REEVs

6.15 Li Auto
Hybrid Route Planning
REEV Powertrain Configuration
Intelligent REV 3.0
Range Extended System 2.0
Range Extended System 2.0: Li L9
Suppliers of L6/L7/L8/L9 
Range Extended System of Li ONE 

6.16 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
Hybrid Route Planning
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
AITO’s Extended-Range Powertrain Domain Solutions and Trends
Seres Super Range Extended System 5.0
Seres Super Range Extended System 5.0: C2E Range Extended Architecture
Seres Super Range Extended System 5.0: RoboREX Intelligent Range Extender Control Technology
Range Extended Electric Power Generation + Drive Powertrain
DriveONE Next-generation Hyper-converged Gold Power Platform
DE-i 3.0 Super Electric Drive Intelligent Technology Platform
Huawei DriveONE Battery-electric Drive Range Extender: AITO M5
Huawei DriveONE Battery-electric Drive Range Extender: Oil Cooling Technology 2.0

6.17 Leapmotor
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
REEV Vehicle Model System Parameters
LEAP 4.0 (D Platform) Range Extended Power System

6.18 XPeng
REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Range Extended Super Electric System
800V Hybrid SiC Coaxial Electric Drive

6.19 Xiaomi Auto
Kunlun Hybrid Architecture Planning
Range Extended Vehicle Model Planning in 2026-2027 

6.20 NIO
Hybrid Models

6.21 Toyota
Hybrid Architecture/Intelligent Transformation in 2025/2026 
Hybrid Route Planning
PHEV & REEV Architecture and Technology Trends
THS Development History
Fifth-generation THS II
THS: Technical Features (1)
THS: Technical Features (2)
THS: Technical Features (3)
THS: PHEV VS HEV
Toyota RAV4 THS II
Layout in the New Energy Vehicle Field
HYBRID E+ Powertrain System
REEV Technology

6.22 Honda
Profile
Hybrid System Layout
Hybrid Route Planning
Structure of i-MMD Hybrid System
Parameters of i-MMD Hybrid System
Parameters of i-MMD Hybrid System  
i-MMD Configuration: Working Mode (1)
i-MMD Configuration: Working Mode (2)
i-MMD Configuration: Working Mode (3)
i-MMD Configuration: Fuel-saving Mode
i-MMD Configuration: Actual Fuel Consumption Measurement
i-MMD Configuration: Fourth-generation Dual-motor Hybrid System
Fourth-generation i-MMD VS Third-generation i-MMD
Fourth-generation i-MMD VS Third-generation i-MMD: Engine
i-DCD Configuration
SH-AWD Configuration
Hybrid Battery
Global layout

6.23 Nissan
Carbon Neutrality Goal in 2050
Hybrid Route Planning
AI Cloud Engine Hybrid
DD-i Super Hybrid System
e-4ORCE Electric FWD System
Efficiency Comparison between the First-generation and the Second-generation e-POWER System
Parameter Comparison between the First-generation and the Second-generation e-POWER System
Structure of the Second-generation e-POWER System
Components of the Second-generation e-POWER System
Operation process of the Second-generation e-POWER System under all working conditions
Energy Utilization Rate of the Second-generation e-POWER System
Comparison between the Second-generation e-POWER System and Its Competing Products
Layout of e-POWER System in China

6.24 Volkswagen
Profile
Hybrid Route Planning
REEV System
DHT Hybrid System: Architecture
DHT Hybrid System: Drive Mode
Core Components of DHT Hybrid System
DHT Hybrid System Adapts to HEVs/PHEVs
Plug-in Hybrid Technology Structure
Drive Mode of Plug-in Hybrid Technology
Working Mode of Plug-in Hybrid Technology
Models with Plug-in Hybrid Technology

6.25 General Motors
PHEV Architecture Roadmap Planning
REEV Architecture Roadmap Planning
True Dragon Plug-in Hybrid Pro System
True Dragon Plug-in Hybrid Pro System: Composition
True Dragon Plug-in Hybrid Pro System: Powertrain System
True Dragon Plug-in Hybrid Pro System: Vehicle Models Supported
True Dragon Range Extended System

6.26 Volvo
Hybrid Route Planning
Super Hybrid System
T8 Plug-in Hybrid System vs. Super Hybrid System
T8 Plug-in Hybrid System
T5 Plug-in Hybrid System
48V Mild Hybrid System

6.27 BMW
Hybrid Route Planning
REEV Technology Development Trends
BMW M High-performance Hybrid
Plug-in Hybrid Models
48V Mild Hybrid System
eDrive System Development Process
Sixth-Generation eDrive System
Five-Generation eDrive System

6.28 Daimler
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends
48V Mild Hybrid Architecture and Technology Trends
MMA Platform
Fourth-Generation PHEV Architecture
MMA Platform: 1.5T Mercedes-Benz M252 Engine + 48V Mild Hybrid System (1)
MMA Platform: 1.5T Mercedes-Benz M252 Engine + 48V Mild Hybrid System (2)
MMA Platform: 1.5T Mercedes-Benz M252 Engine + 48V Mild Hybrid System (3)

6.29 Hyundai-Kia
PHEV Architecture and Technology Trends
Hybrid Powertrain Domain System (1)
Hybrid Powertrain Domain System (2)
Hybrid Powertrain Domain System (3)
TMED Hybrid Technology
TMED Hybrid Technology: System Composition
TMED Hybrid Technology: TMED Working Principle
TMED Hybrid Technology: Model Configuration
REEVs

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