Smart Car OTA Industry Research Report, 2022

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Smart car OTA research: With the arrival of OTA3.0 era, how can OEMs explore payment modes of SAAS?

Driven by the development of smart cars, China's OTA installation rate has been growing. According to ResearchInChina’s data, from January to May 2022, 3.12 million passenger cars in China were equipped with OTA; the installation rate hit 44.6%, a year-on-year increase of 16.2 percentage points. By 2026, the OTA installation rate of Chinese passenger cars is expected to reach 88%, that is, 21.937 million passenger cars will boast OTA.

OTA updates are mainly reflected in infotainment, and will gradually spread to ADAS, body & control, and power.

As of July 15, 2022, 49 auto brands (including brands of emerging automakers, independent companies, and joint ventures) had accomplished about 427 OTA updates. Among them, 10 emerging brands had implemented a total of 208 OTA updates, 26 independent brands had completed 151 OTA updates, and 12 joint venture brands had fulfilled 68 OTA updates.

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Regardless of emerging automakers, independent companies, or joint ventures, their OTA updates concentrate on cockpits (covering application entertainment, information display, etc.), reaching 1,278 updates; another 557 updates are about ADAS and autonomous driving.

OTA 2_副本.png

In the era of OTA 3.0, OEMs explore SAAS (Software as a Service)

ABUP believes that automotive OTA industry should go through four development stages: component-level OTA, vehicle-level OTA, enterprise-level OTA, and industrial-level OTA. OTA has evolved from the 1.0 era (non-critical safety function updates) and the 2.0 era (automotive OTA) to the current 3.0 era (SAAS).

In the era of OTA 3.0, OTA functional services of OEMs are propelled by demand instead of R&D. OEMs guide users to purchase software OTA services. In the future, SAAS will become an important income source for major OEMs.

OTA 3_副本.png

With deep involvement of automotive OTA, the business models of automakers are changing. The model of hardware "costization" + software "profit" continues to penetrate in the smart car market. Many automakers have pre-embed hardware in new models, and subsequently open functions through OTA software updates, so as to obtain commercial profits.

In the past two years, both emerging automakers and conventional car companies have been stepping up their exploration of SAAS model. In addition to offering paid OTA for new functions and services, many automakers have announced plans to launch "subscription on demand" services.

In addition to selling cars, Tesla makes money by selling software and services. Its software revenue comes from FSD (Full Self-Driving), OTA updates, and advanced Internet of Vehicles. The price of Tesla's FSD has been rising, hitting as high as $12,000. In addition, Tesla has introduced the Acceleration Boost upgrade for $2,000 that improved the 0-60 mph acceleration of Model 3 Dual Motor (Long Range) from 4.4 seconds to 3.9 seconds.

Hyundai announced to offer OTA and feature-on-demand (FoD) on all models from 2021. Users can not only update software and systems remotely, but also selectively purchase software systems.

In July 2021, BMW announced about its Functions on Demand system, in which customers can choose to pay monthly subscriptions for certain options. It unlocks the hardware modules pre-installed on the vehicle through software, remotely provides customers with new products and services, and helps customers enjoy the latest products in an innovative way.

In July 2022, BMW launched a number of subscription-based services for drivers in South Korea, including heated seats, a heated steering wheel, high-beam-assist headlights, simulated sound waves, wireless Apple CarPlay and other functions. Heated seats, for example, run for about RMB120 per month. per month or RMB1,180 per year.

OTA 4.png

At the same time, there have been some changes in the profit models of assisted driving systems of some OEMs. In the past, users had to pay for optional advance assisted driving systems which now tend to be included in the standard configuration, whereas the software cost is included in the car price for the purpose of suppressing the continuous price spike of battery-electric vehicles since 2022 and raising the activation rate of advanced assisted driving systems to collect real road data; in addition, the standard configuration of assisted driving systems improves the cost performance and value preservation rate of vehicles.

On May 6, 2022, Xpeng suddenly made major changes to users' rights and interests. It installed the intelligent assisted driving system software as standard, and canceled the lifetime free charging and free home charging piles. According to the data released by Xpeng in October 2021, the activation rate of XPILOT 3.0 with high-speed NPG is 59.29%, and it will continue to rise thanks to the standard configuration of assisted driving software;
In 2022, Tesla offers free Enhanced Autopilot as standard in China for a limited time, while it still charges FSD as an option;
Li Auto has always adhered to the standard autonomous driving system. The newly launched Li L9 is equipped with the Li AD Max full-stack intelligent driving system and hardware solution as standard;
NIO has altered its business strategy for ET7. It comes standard with LCC and ALC which are ready to use, so that users need not pay additional fees or buy the NIO Pilot Selected Package.

SAAS is paid separately or charged include the car price, and it has become a business strategy that major OEMs should consider and explore.

OTA supervision is becoming strict and standardized

With the rapid growth of automotive OTA technology, China has issued a number of policies and standards about OTA updates in the past two years, clarifying requirements for ICV software updates.

On April 15, 2022, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Equipment Industry Development Center issued "Notice on Filing of OTA Updates of Automotive Software", which stipulates that automakers licensed to produce road motor vehicles should file for their vehicles equipped with OTA updates and every OTA update implemented. Authorities have attached great importance to OTA recalls, and have improved relevant procedures and specifications. A strict and effective regulatory mechanism will regulate the software updates of automakers. It will have a positive impact on the development of the entire industry while protecting the rights and interests of consumers.

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1 Overview of Automotive OTA Industry
1.1 Concept and Technology of OTA
1.1.1 Definition of OTA
1.1.2 Difference between SOTA and FOTA
1.1.3 Basic Architecture of Automotive OTA (1)
1.1.4 Basic Architecture of Automotive OTA (2)
1.1.5 Basic Architecture of Automotive OTA (3)
1.1.6 Basic Architecture of Automotive OTA (4)
1.1.7 Transmission Mode of Automotive OTA
1.1.8 OTA Update Guarantee Mechanism
1.1.9 Automotive OTA Security Mechanism: Anti-failure Mechanism of Automotive OTA
1.1.10 Key Automotive OTA Technology
1.2 OTA Operation
1.2.1 Automotive OTA Operation Strategy
1.2.2 Automotive OTA Operation Strategy: Major Version Strategy
1.2.3 Automotive OTA Operation Strategy: SOTA Operation
1.2.4 Automotive OTA Operation Strategy: Data Operation
1.2.5 Automotive OTA Operation Strategy: ZEEKR
1.2.6 Automotive OTA Updates and User Channels
1.3 OTA's Role and Challenges
1.3.1 Key Benefits of Automotive OTA (1)
1.3.2 Key Benefits of Automotive OTA (2)
1.3.3 OTA Can Optimize the Development Process of Vehicles
1.3.4 Main Difficulties in the Layout of Automotive OTA (1)
1.3.5 Main Difficulties in the Layout of Automotive OTA (2)
1.3.6 Problems Caused by Automotive OTA Updates
1.4 OTA Industrial Models
1.4.1 Automotive Software Development Process in OTA Model
1.4.2 Process of Automotive OTA Updates
1.4.3 Development Model of Automotive OTA
1.4.4 To-B Business Model of Automotive OTA
1.4.5 To-C Business Model of Automotive OTA
1.4.6 "Subscribe on Demand + OTA" Service Layout of OEMs
1.4.7 Automotive OTA Business Model: Good OTA Operation Promote Products
1.4.8 Composition of Automotive OTA Industrial Chain
1.4.9 Responsibilities of Automotive OTA Enterprises
1.4.10 OTA Offerings from Independent Vendors
1.4.11 OTA Offerings from Tier1 Suppliers
1.4.12 Major OTA Customers of Tier1 Suppliers

2 Status Quo and Trends of Automotive OTA
2.1 OTA Standards and Policies
2.1.1 OTA and Related Standards: OTA Regulatory Policies Should Be Improved
2.1.2 Global Automotive Cybersecurity and Software Update Standards and Regulations
2.1.3 Software Update Regulations of UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)
2.1.4 UN Regulation No. 156
2.1.5 Requirements of UN Regulation No. 156 for Automakers
2.1.6 RX Software Identification Number (RXSWIN)
2.1.7 Timeline for the Implementation of UN Regulation No. 156 in Some Countries
2.1.8 Japan’s Policies for Automotive OTA
2.1.9 ISO Standards for Automotive OTA Updates
2.1.10 ISO Standards for Automotive OTA Updates: ISO/SAE 21434 (First Draft)
2.1.11 Summary of China's OTA Policies and Standards
2.1.12 China's OTA Policies: OTA Recall Supervision
2.1.13 China's OTA Policies: Supplemental Notice on OTA Recall Supervision
2.1.14 China's OTA Policies: Access Management of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Manufacturers and Products
2.1.15 China's OTA Policies: Notice on Filing of OTA Updates of Automotive Software (1)
2.1.16 China's OTA Policies: Notice on Filing of OTA Updates of Automotive Software (2)
2.1.17 China's OTA Policies: General Technical Requirements for Automotive Software Updates (Draft)
2.1.18 China's OTA Policies: Licensing System for Specific Modifications to Vehicles
2.1.19 OTA Recalls of Passenger Cars in China, 2021
2.1.20 OTA Recalls of Passenger Cars in China, Jan-Jun 2022
2.2 OTA Update Process of OEMs
2.2.1 Number of OTA Updates by Major Automakers
2.2.2 Number of OTA Updates by Emerging Auto Brands
2.2.3 Number of OTA Updates by Independent Auto Brands
2.2.4 Number of OTA Updates by Joint Venture Auto Brands
2.2.5 Classification of Functions via Automotive OTA Updates
2.2.6 Main Functions via OTA Updates
2.2.7 Main Functions via OTA Updates by Emerging Auto Brands
2.2.8 Main Functions via OTA Updates by Independent Auto Brands
2.2.9 Cockpit Functions via OTA Updates by Independent Auto Brands
2.2.10 Main Functions via OTA Updates by Joint Venture Auto Brands
2.2.11 Updates of ADAS and Autonomous Driving
2.2.12 Updates of Cockpit Display Information
2.2.13 Updates of Cockpit Entertainment Applications and Voice
2.2.14 Updates of Body Control and Air Conditioning
2.2.15 Updates of Power, Communication and Connectivity
2.2.16 New Functions, Improvements and Fixes via OTA Updates
2.2.17 New Functions, Improvements and Fixes via OTA Updates by Independent Auto Brands
2.2.18 New Functions, Improvements and Fixes via OTA Updates by Joint Venture Auto Brands
2.3 OTA Market Size
2.3.1 OTA Installations of Passenger Cars in China, Jan-May 2022
2.3.2 TOP20 Passenger Car Brands in China by OTA Installations, Jan-May 2022
2.3.3 TOP20 Passenger Car Models in China by OTA Installations, Jan-May 2022
2.3.4 OTA Market Share of Third-Party Suppliers
2.3.5 Automotive OTA Market Size in China
2.4 Development Trends of OTA
2.4.1 Development Stages of OTA (1)
2.4.2 Development Stages of OTA (2)
2.4.3 OTA Development Planning of OEMs
2.4.4 OTA Technology Evolution of Foreign OEMs (1)
2.4.5 OTA Technology Evolution of Foreign OEMs (2)
2.4.6 OTA Technology Evolution of Chinese OEMs (1)
2.4.7 OTA Technology Evolution of Chinese OEMs (2)
2.4.8 OTA Technology Evolution of OEMs
2.4.9 Features of OTA Technology Evolution of OEMs

3 Independent OTA Suppliers and Solutions

3.1 Harman
3.1.1 Profile
3.1.2 Development History of OTA
3.1.3 OTA Market
3.1.4 OTA V12.0
3.1.5 Architecture of OTA in AWS Cloud
3.1.6 Remote Vehicle Updating Service
3.1.7 Smart Delta for Maps via OTA Updates
3.1.8 Harman Shield
3.1.9 Harman OTA Insight
3.1.10 OTA Cooperation Mode

3.2 Excelfore
3.2.1 Profile
3.2.2 OTA Solution: eSync
3.2.3 OTA Solution: eSync Server
3.2.4 OTA Solution: eSync Client & eSync Agent
3.2.5 OTA Solution: eSync Client & Agent
3.2.6 OTA Solution: Excelfore eSync SDK
3.2.7 OTA Solution: eDatX? Data Aggregation Platform
3.2.8 OTA Solution: Excelfore Docker
3.2.9 Green Hills Software has launched its eSync-compliant OTA solution
3.2.10 OTA Business Trends
3.2.11 The eSync Alliance
3.2.12 Major Customers

3.3 Airbiquity
3.3.1 Profile
3.3.2 OTAmatic
3.3.3 OTAmatic? Vehicle Configurator
3.3.4 Application Case (1): Cooperation with ST in OTA
3.3.5 Application Case (2): Cooperation with Renesas in OTA
3.3.6 Application Case (3): Cooperation with NXP in OTA
3.3.7 OTA Business Trends

3.4 KPIT
3.4.1 Profile
3.4.2 OTA Solution (1)
3.4.3 OTA Solution (2)
3.4.4 KPIT OTA+Azure
3.4.5 OTA Cases

3.5 ABUP
3.5.1 Profile
3.5.2 Automotive OTA Product Line
3.5.3 Development History
3.5.4 OTA Solution
3.5.5 OTA Solution with SOA
3.5.6 OTA Solution: Vehicle
3.5.7 OTA Solution: Cloud
3.5.8 OTA Technology: Differential Algorithm
3.5.9 Elabi's OTA Is Compatible with Multiple EEAs
3.5.10 DOTA Intelligent Cloud Diagnosis
3.5.11 Security System Architecture
3.5.12 OTA Test and Validation Mechanism
3.5.13 Charging Mode
3.5.14 Customers and Partners

3.6 Redstone
3.6.1 Profile
3.6.2 OTA Solution and Latest Features: FOTA and Update Process
3.6.3 OTA Solution and Latest Features: FOTA Architecture and Remote Vehicle Control Updates
3.6.4 Application Cases and OTA Business Trends: Chery Updates ADAS via Redstone’s OTA
3.6.5 Application Cases and OTA Business Trends: Chery and Redstone Cooperate in OTA
3.6.6 Major Customers

3.7 CAROTA
3.7.1 Profile
3.7.2 OTA Solution
3.7.3 Core OTA Technology: Differential Packet Technology
3.7.4 IOV OTA
3.7 Automotive Remote Intelligent Diagnosis Platform
3.7.6 OTA Solution: Cybersecurity
3.7.7 Application Case: Chery Configures CAROTA’s OTA
3.7.8 Customers and Partners

4 Tier 1 OTA Suppliers and Solutions

4.1 PATEO
4.1.1 Profile
4.1.2 Business Layout
4.1.3 Basic Internet of Vehicles Business
4.1.4 Qing Cloud
4.1.5 Qing OTA
4.1.6 Roadmap of Qing OTA
4.1.7 Cooperation Dynamics

4.2 Banma Information Technology
4.2.1 OTA Business Trends
4.2.2 OTA Update History and Dynamics
4.2.3 Development History
4.2.4 AliOS Ecology Empowers Cooperation Modes (1)
4.2.5 AliOS Ecology Empowers Cooperation Modes (2)

4.3 Desay SV
4.3.1 Profile
4.3.2 OTA Solution: Vcare Service platform
4.3.3 OTA Solution: Automotive OTA Updates
4.3.4 OTA Business Trends
4.3.5 Application Case: FAW-Volkswagen Jetta Equipped with OTA Updates

4.4 Joyson Electronics
4.4.1 Profile
4.4.2 OTA Solution
4.4.3 Layout and Trends

4.5 Thundersoft
4.5.1 OTA Solution: ThunderFOTA
4.5.2 Features of OTA Products (1)
4.5.3 Features of OTA Products (2)
4.5.4 Application Cases and OTA Business Trends

4.6 Bosch
4.6.1 OTA Business Layout
4.6.2 FOTA Solution (1): Bosch FOTA
4.6.3 FOTA Solution (2): Bosch FOTA
4.6.4 OTA Software Update Management Program
4.6.5 Telematics Service Architecture
4.6.6 OTA Security Solution (1): Security Assurance in Four Levels
4.6.7 OTA Security Solution (2): Integrated Escrypt Security Solution
4.6.8 OTA Development Route
4.6.9 Software Layout
4.6.10 Partners and OTA Business Trends

4.7 Continental
4.7.1 OTA Layout
4.7.2 OTA Solution: EB cadian Sync
4.7.3 Remote Analytics Solution: EB Cadian Analytics
4.7.4 OTA Security Solution: Automotive Safety Solution in Cooperation with Argus (1)
4.7.5 OTA Security Solution: Automotive Safety Solution in Cooperation with Argus (2)
4.7.6 OTA Integrated with EB Corbos
4.7.7 Application Case (1): OTA Updates for Volkswagen’s ID Electric Vehicles
4.7.8 Application Case (2): OTA Updates for WM Motor EX5
4.7.9 Partners and Business Trends

4.8 Faurecia
4.8.1 OTA Business Trends
4.8.2 CIP Features OTA Updates
4.8.3 OTA Dynamics
4.8.4 Cybersecurity Dynamics: Investment in Guardknox (an automotive cybersecurity company)

4.9 Aptiv
4.9.1 OTA Business Layout (1)
4.9.2 OTA Business Layout (2)
4.9.3 OTA Solution and Customers
4.9.4 OTA Business Layout
4.9.5 Acquisition of Wind River
4.9.6 Wind River’s OTA Solution: EDGE SYNC
4.9.7 Integration of EDGE SYNC and Airbiquity OTA
4.9.8 SVA Supports OTA Updates (1)
4.9.9 SVA Supports OTA Updates (2)
4.9.10 OTA Dynamics

4.10 Denso
4.10.1 OTA Solution and Partners
4.10.2 Software Layout
4.10.3 Vehicle-cloud Integrated Layout
4.10.4 Cybersecurity Layout

4.11 ZF
4.11.1 OTA Solution and Partners

5 OTA Functions and Layout of Major Foreign Automakers

5.1 Tesla
5.1.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
5.1.2 Main Steps of OTA Updates
5.1.3 OTA Update History: Number of Updates by Domain
5.1.4 OTA Update History: Details of OTA Updates in 2021
5.1.5 OTA Update History: Details of OTA Updates in 2022
5.1.6 Model Planning
5.1.7 OTA Charging Mode

5.2 GM
5.2.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
5.2.2 Automotive OTA Function Layout
5.2.3 OTA Update History: Cadillac
5.2.4 OTA Update History: Buick
5.2.5 OTA Update History: Chevrolet
5.2.6 Buick eConnect3.0 OTA Architecture Solution
5.2.7 OTA Development Planning
5.2.8 Partners

5.3 Ford
5.3.1 Models with OTA and Software Update Modes
5.3.2 Technical Features of OTA
5.3.3 OTA Update History: China
5.3.4 OTA Update History: Overseas
5.3.5 Blue Oval Intelligence
5.3.6 Operational Scale of OTA
5.3.7 Partners and OTA Development Planning

5.4 Toyota
5.4.1 Models with OTA
5.4.2 Current Interconnection Services (1)
5.4.3 Current Interconnection Services (2)
5.4.4 OTA Layout (1)
5.4.5 OTA Layout (2)
5.4.6 OTA Layout (3)
5.4.7 OTA Updates for Race Cars
5.4.8 Operating System Arene with OTA
5.4.9 OTA Partners
5.4.10 MSPF Platform
5.4.11 OTA Function Application : e-Palette Platform

5.5 Honda
5.5.1 Models with OTA
5.5.2 Technical Features of OTA
5.5.3 OTA Update History: Mainly Infotainment System Fixes and Updates

5.6 Hyundai
5.6.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA: Hyundai
5.6.2 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA: Kia
5.6.3 OTA Update Process
5.6.4 OTA Update History
5.6.5 Hyundai's "Strategy 2030" and OTA Plan
5.6.6 Kia’s "Strategy 2030" and OTA Plan
5.6.7 Partners and Dynamics in Cooperation

5.7 Volkswagen
5.7.1 Models with OTA
5.7.2 OTA Update History: Volkswagen
5.7.3 OTA Update History: Audi
5.7.4 Volkswagen's "Strategy 2030"
5.7.5 Dynamics in Cooperation

5.8 BMW
5.8.1 Technical Features of OTA
5.8.2 OTA Update Process
5.8.3 OTA Update History: Overseas
5.8.4 OTA Update History: China
5.8.5 OTA Update Plan
5.8.6 Functions on Demand via OTA (1)
5.8.7 Functions on Demand via OTA (2)
5.8.8 Dynamics

5.9 Daimler
5.9.1 Features of OTA
5.9.2 OTA Update History
5.9.3 OTA Subscription
5.9.4 Partners and Dynamics

5.10 Volvo
5.10.1 Models with OTA
5.10.2 Update History
5.10.3 Technical Features of OTA
5.10.4 Connectivity Platform
5.10.5 OTA Map Updates
5.11 Summary of OTA Layout of Major Foreign Automakers

6 OTA Functions and Layout of Major Domestic Automakers
6.1 NIO
6.1.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.1.2 Intelligent System
6.1.3 OTA Update History: 2020 and Before
6.1.4 OTA Update History: 2021
6.1.5 OTA Update History: f2022
6.1.6 OTA Technology and Process
6.1.7 OTA Security Mechanism

6.2 Xpeng
6.2.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.2.2 OTA Update History: 2019-2020
6.2.3 OTA Update History: 2021-Jul 2022
6.2.4 Latest Features of OTA
6.2.5 Evolution and Planning of Intelligent System

6.3 Li Auto
6.3.1 Features of OTA
6.3.2 Requirements of OTA Updates
6.3.3 OTA Update History: 2019-2020
6.3.4 OTA Update History: 2021-Jun 2022

6.4 WM Motor
6.4.1 Models with OTA and Evolution of OTA Technology
6.4.2 Technical Features of OTA
6.4.3 OTA Update History

6.5 SAIC Passenger Vehicle
6.5.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.5.2 OTA Update History
6.5.3 OTA Update Process
6.5.4 OTA Technology Layout: DOTA
6.5.5 Z-One XOTA

6.6 Geely
6.6.1 Models with OTA
6.6.2 OTA Update History (1)
6.6.3 OTA Update History (2)
6.6.4 ZEEKR 001 Update History
6.6.5 ZEEKR OTA Solution
6.6.6 Fuel Vehicle OTA
6.6.7 Strategy 2025 - OTA

6.7 GAC Motor
6.7.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.7.2 OTA Update Process
6.7.3 OTA Update History: Aion
6.7.4 OTA Update History: Trumpchi
6.7.5 OTA Cooperation Dynamics and Development Planning

6.8 Changan Automobile
6.8.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.8.2 Global Rapid OTA
6.8.3 OTA Update Process
6.8.4 OTA Update History
6.8.5 OTA Layout and Planning
6.8.6 Cloud Digital Platform
6.8.7 Development Planning

6.9 BYD
6.9.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.9.2 OTA Update History
6.9.3 OTA Update Example
6.9.4 Partners and Development Planning

6.10 BAIC
6.10.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.10.2 OTA Update History: BAIC Motor
6.10.3 OTA Update History: ARCFOX
6.10.4 Partners and Development Planning

6.11 FAW
6.11.1 Models with OTA and Features of OTA
6.11.2 OTA Update History (1)
6.11.3 OTA Update History (2)
6.11.4 OTA Update History (3)
3.4.9 OTA Partners

6.12 Great Wall
6.12.1 Models with OTA and Features of OTA
6.12.2 OTA Update Process
6.12.3 Development Planning and OTA
6.12.4 OTA Update History (1)
6.12.5 OTA Update History (2)
6.12.6 Partners and Development Planning

6.13 Dongfeng Motor
6.13.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.13.2 OTA Update History
6.13.3 OTA Update Process
6.13.4 Partners and Development Planning

6.14 Chery
6.14.1 Models with OTA and Technical Features of OTA
6.14.2 OTA Update History
6.14.3 OTA Development Planning
6.15 Summary of OTA Layout of Major Chinese Automakers (1)
6.16 Summary of OTA Layout of Major Chinese Automakers (2)

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Research Report on the Application of AI in Automotive Cockpits, 2025

Cockpit AI Application Research: From "Usable" to "User-Friendly," from "Deep Interaction" to "Self-Evolution" From the early 2000s, when voice recognition and facial monitoring functions were first ...

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