Automotive Infrared Night Vision Research: Infrared Thermal Imaging May Handle Extreme Cases Well
Infrared radiation consists of electromagnetic waves in the wavelength region from 0.75 μm to 1,000 μm, lying between visible light and microwave light. The corresponding energy ranges from 0.1eV to 1.0eV, within which all the physicochemical effects can be used for infrared detection. A myriad of detectors have been developed, which can be divided into cooled detectors and uncooled detectors by the operating temperature.
Cadillac equipped its sedans with night vision systems early in 2000, being the world’s first to pioneer such system. Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Audi, etc. followed suit. By 2013, a dozen OEMs had installed night vision systems on their top-of-the-range models but having sold not so well to this day due to the costliness of the night vision system.
4,609 new passenger cars carrying night vision systems were sold in China in 2019, an annualized spurt of 65.6% thanks to the sales growth of Cadillac XT5, Cadillac XT6 and Hongqi H7, according to ResearchInChina.
Now, there is growing concern about safety issues amid strides in ADAS and autonomous vehicle. A controversy arises in the industry particularly after a fatality in Uber's self-driving road test, about whether infrared night vision can be used for autonomous driving to prevent accidents like Uber's incident. Infrared night vision system may be an important option for addressing the safety concern of self-driving in critical situations.
Veoneer is a typical trailblazer that has spawned infrared night vision systems in the world, and its products have experienced four generations. Its 4th-Gen night vision system, expected in June 2020, will have improved field of view and detection distances, reduction in size, weight and cost featuring enhanced algorithms for pedestrian, animal and vehicle detection as well as supporting night time automatic emergency braking (AEB) solutions.
Boson?-based thermal sensing technology from FLIR Systems has been adopted by Veoneer for its L4 autonomous vehicle production contract, planned for 2021 with a “top global automaker”. Veoneer’s system will include multiple thermal sensing cameras that provide both narrow and wide field-of-view capabilities to enhance the safety of self-driving vehicles, and that help detect and classify a broad range of common roadway objects and are especially adept at detecting people and other living things.

Hongqi H7 is provided with an advanced active night vision (ANV) system, which uses the infrared transmitter on the headlights and the camera on the front windshield to simultaneously monitor the area ahead of the vehicle, so that the driver can get clear road conditions at any time.
The near infrared (NIR) night vision system exploited by Hongqi H7 is worth thousands of yuan. Only far infrared thermal imaging technology can see the distance beyond 300 meters.
FLIR has been sparing no effort in the availability of infrared thermal imaging technology in automobiles. In August 2019, FLIR announced its next-generation thermal vision Automotive Development Kit (ADK?) featuring the high-resolution FLIR Boson? thermal camera core with a resolution of 640 × 512 for the development of self-driving cars.
Uncooled infrared imagers and detector technology remain hot in research to date In August 2019, IRay Technology released a 10-μm 1280 × 1024 uncooled infrared focal plane detector. Maxtech predicts that the unit price of uncooled thermal imaging cameras will be below $2,000 after 2021, and the sales will outnumber 3 million units.

Still, infrared cameras are too expensive for automotive use. Israel-based ADASKY, China's Dali Technology, Guide Infrared and North Guangwei Technology are working on the development and mass production of low-cost infrared thermal imagers.
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